The Systematic Review on Assessing Learning Outcomes of Secondary School Students Oriented Towards Competency Approach

The Systematic Review on Assessing Learning Outcomes of Secondary School Students Oriented Towards Competency Approach

Nguyen The Binh nguyenthebinh@ukh.edu.com Khanh Hoa University (Vietnam)
Summary: 
This study provides a comprehensive overview and systematization of the theoretical framework for Assessing Learning Outcomes (ALO) oriented towards the Competency Approach (CA), aiming to provide a robust foundation for general education reform. ALO based on CA is defined as a systematic pedagogical process focusing on the student’s ability to mobilize and apply integrated knowledge, skills, and attitudes to solve real-world problems. Unlike traditional content-based assessment that merely ranks academic retention, this approach prioritizes learner progress through multidimensional evaluation. The research analyses five constituent components to propose a structured theoretical framework, including six crucial objectives focused on feedback and growth, and ten core requirements that emphasize process-based integration and qualitative feedback. Furthermore, the study delineates specific content areas and a synergy of five methods and six primary tools, such as rubrics and portfolios. This framework serves as a scientific baseline for implementing assessment activities that align with global standards while addressing the specific needs of the Vietnamese educational context.
Keywords: 
Assessment
competency
learning outcomes
secondary school.
Refers: 

[1] Black, P., & Wiliam, D. (1998). Assessment and classroom learning. Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy & Practice, 5(1), 7–74.

[2] Fullan, M. (2007). The new meaning of educational change (4th ed.). Teachers College Press.

[3] Griffin, P., Care, E., & McGaw, B. (2012). Assessment and teaching of 21st century skills. Springer.

[4] Hà, T. L. H. (2018). Developing a student assessment competency framework for secondary school teachers. Journal of Science, Ho Chi Minh City University of Education, 15(10), 113–121.

[5] Hồng, T. D., & Wen, M. L. (2021). Assessment for learning in the digital age: Challenges and opportunities for Vietnamese secondary school teachers. International Journal of Educational Research Open, 2, 100038.

[6] Ministry of Education and Training. (2014). Examination and assessment oriented towards developing student competencies in secondary schools [Training material]. Education Publishing House.

[7] Ministry of Education and Training. (2018). Circular No. 32/2018/TT-BGDĐT: Promulgating the General Education Program.

[8] Ministry of Education and Training. (2020a). Circular No. 32/2020/TT-BGDĐT: Regulations on charter of secondary schools, high schools and schools with multiple levels of education.

[9] Ministry of Education and Training. (2020b). Guidelines for implementing the 2018 General Education Program [Training materials for core teachers]. Academy of Educational Management.

[10] Ministry of Education and Training. (2021). Circular No. 22/2021/TT-BGDĐT: Regulations on assessing secondary and high school students.

[11] Nguyễn, C. K., & Đào, T. O. (2015). Developing competency-based assessment tools. University of Education Publishing House.

[12] Nguyễn, C. K., & Đào, T. O. (2016). Examination and assessment in education. University of Education Publishing House.

[13] OECD. (2018). The future of education and skills: Education 2030. OECD Publishing.

[14] Page, M. J., McKenzie, J. E., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. D., et al. (2021). The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ, 372, n71. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n71

[15] Pham, H. T., & Ho, T. K. A. (2022). Emergency remote assessment in higher education: Lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam. VNU Journal of Science: Education Research, 38(1), 45–56.

[16] Phan, T. H. V., et al. (2018). Textbook of pedagogy (Vol. 1). Ho Chi Minh City University of Education Publishing House.

[17] Popham, W. J. (2008). Transformative assessment. ASCD.

[18] Sahlberg, P. (2021). Finnish lessons 3.0: What can the world learn from educational change in Finland? Teachers College Press.

[19] Singer, E. J. (1990). Effective management of training programs. Prentice Hall.

[20] Trần, T. H., et al. (2023). Contemporary issues of education and educational management. (PhD seminar material).

[21] Vinh-Thang, H. (2023). Digitizing competency-based assessment: Authentic tools for 21st-century learners. Journal of Educational Innovation and Practice.

[22] Wiliam, D., & Leahy, S. (2015). Embedding formative assessment: Practical techniques for K-12 classrooms. Learning Sciences International.

Articles in Issue